Candy and Frank
Step 3 of 4 · explanations

How to solve each one

Diagnostic test · 2026-09-07 · misses first. Each step draws itself while it is told; then the sample student answers the check before the answer is shown. The final answer of a missed question stays hidden until the last step is done — or until you press the button.

3
Warm-up 3 marks · Money and time: cents, coins, clocks and elapsed time · Missed · answer given A (160) ·

The first clock shows when a movie started and the second shows when it finished. How many minutes did it take?

Options: (A) 160   (B) 79   (C) 80   (D) 82   (E) 81

Fastest method: Read both clocks, jump to the next full hour, count whole hours, add the last minutes.
The trap: treating an hour as 100 minutes, or subtracting the minute hands only.
Walk it through step by step (5 steps, each with a check)
Read the start clock: short hand for the hour, long hand for the minutes.
start123456789101112finish123456789101112start minutes?
What time did it start? Give the minutes past the hour.
7
Getting harder 4 marks · Working backwards and sharing in ratio · Missed · answer given A (35) ·

4 tickets cost $19. How many dollars do 20 tickets cost?

Options: (A) 35   (B) 38   (C) 47   (D) 95   (E) 114

Fastest method: Find the scale factor between the two amounts of the same thing, then apply it to the other thing.
The trap: adding the difference instead of multiplying by the scale factor.
Walk it through step by step (2 steps, each with a check)
How many times bigger is 20 than 4? That is the scale factor, and it applies to both amounts.
the scale factor4× ??
What is 20 ÷ 4?
10
Challenge 7 marks · Number clues: digit puzzles and divisibility · Missed · answer given 192 ·

What is the smallest three-digit number that is odd, a multiple of 3, contains the digit 8, has no digit 0, and has all different digits?

Fastest method: Apply the constraints in order of pruning power (divisibility / parity first) while keeping the leading digit as small as possible.
The trap: applying the weak constraints first, or dropping the distinct / no-zero filters.
Walk it through step by step (6 steps, each with a check)
Do not start at the bottom of the range and test every number in turn. Start with the constraint that throws the most away — here that is 'contains the digit 8'.
all numbers 100–999900 left→ contains the digit 8?left
Of the numbers still standing, how many survive 'contains the digit 8'?
1
Warm-up 3 marks · Shapes and area · Correct · answer given E (40) · correct answer E (40)

The diagram shows an L-shaped garden. Only two sides are labelled. What is the perimeter of the garden, in centimetres?

Options: (A) 39   (B) 42   (C) 20   (D) 41   (E) 40

Fastest method: Slide the short sides across: the perimeter equals a full rectangle's, 2 × (width + height).
The trap: trying to guess the unlabelled sides, or adding only the labelled ones.
Walk it through step by step (3 steps, each with a check)
The two short unlabelled horizontal sides add up to the long top side, and the two vertical pieces on the right add up to the left side — slide them across.
11 cm9 cmthese two sides together = the sides opposite2 × 11?
So going all the way round is the same as twice 11 plus twice 9. What is 2 × 11?
2
Warm-up 3 marks · Space: cubes, nets, views and routes · Correct · answer given B (2) · correct answer B (2)

The net is folded to make a cube. Which number is on the face opposite the face numbered 5?

Options: (A) 3   (B) 2   (C) 0   (D) 1   (E) 4

Fastest method: In a net, faces two cells apart in a straight line are opposite; the two side flaps are opposite each other.
The trap: picking a face next to the given one — neighbours in the net are neighbours on the cube, never opposite.
Walk it through step by step (4 steps, each with a check)
Faces that are two cells apart in the same straight line end up opposite each other when the net folds. In the column, the 1st and 3rd cells are a pair.
497325opposite 4?
Which number is opposite 4?
4
Warm-up 3 marks · Place value: building the biggest or smallest number · Correct · answer given C (297) · correct answer C (297)

Pat has the digit cards 6, 7, 9. Using every card exactly once she makes a single 3-digit number. What is the difference between the largest and smallest numbers she can make?

Options: (A) 315   (B) 387   (C) 297   (D) 288   (E) 306

Fastest method: Sort the digits into columns by place value — biggest digits to the biggest columns; the split into separate numbers is a distraction (the middle columns cancel in a difference).
The trap: tracking the whole numbers instead of the columns.
Walk it through step by step (4 steps, each with a check)
Forget the digits for a second and look at the columns. A 3-digit number has 3 of them, and where a card lands is the only thing that decides what it is worth.
worth?worth?worth?cards:976
What is one card worth if you put it in the leading column of a 3-digit number?
5
Getting harder 4 marks · Data and chance: graphs, pictographs and spinners · Correct · answer given A (8) · correct answer A (8)

The pictograph shows the number of players for each child. Each full symbol stands for 4 players; a half symbol stands for 2. How many players were there for Ben?

Options: (A) 8   (B) 7   (C) 10   (D) 9   (E) 2

Fastest method: Multiply full symbols by the key, add half a key for a half symbol, then compare or add the rows.
The trap: counting symbols instead of what they stand for, or forgetting the half symbol.
Walk it through step by step (1 steps, each with a check)
Ben: 2 full symbols × 4.
Key: ● = 4 playersAvaBen8CaraDevBen?
How many players for Ben?
6
Getting harder 4 marks · Counting the ways: cases and combinations · Correct · answer given B (31) · correct answer B (31)

Nia is exactly in the middle of a queue. Raf is 7 places behind Nia, and there are 8 people behind Raf. How many people are in the queue?

Options: (A) 29   (B) 31   (C) 16   (D) 30   (E) 32

Fastest method: The middle person has the same number behind as in front; count everyone behind the middle, double it, and add one for the middle person.
The trap: forgetting the middle person, or not doubling.
Walk it through step by step (3 steps, each with a check)
Everyone behind Nia: 7 up to Raf, then 8 more behind Raf.
behind the middleNia7 (Raf last)8 behind Rafbehind Nia?
How many are behind Nia?
8
Getting harder 4 marks · Shapes and area · Correct · answer given D (22) · correct answer D (22)

Lights are placed 4 m apart all the way around a triangular garden with sides 12 m, 40 m and 36 m, with a light at each corner. How many lights are needed?

Options: (A) 21   (B) 88   (C) 23   (D) 22   (E) 24

Fastest method: Posts around a closed shape: the number of posts equals the number of gaps, which is perimeter / gap.
The trap: adding one extra post as if the fence were a straight line.
Walk it through step by step (3 steps, each with a check)
Posts go all the way around, so first find the whole distance around: add the sides.
around the paddock12 m40 m36 m?
What is 12 + 40 + 36?
9
Challenge 6 marks · Working backwards and sharing in ratio · Correct · answer given 60 · correct answer 60

Priya spends her prize money in three stages: first she spends 1/2 of it, then 1/5 of what is left, then 1/3 of what is left. She now has $16. How many dollars was the prize?

Fastest method: Reverse the chain — start at the end and undo each step with its inverse, last step first.
The trap: reporting an intermediate value of the reverse chain as the answer.
Walk it through step by step (3 steps, each with a check)
Start from what is left and work backwards, undoing the last stage first. That stage took away one part in 3, so what came out of it is two-thirds of what went in. If two-thirds of an amount is known, the whole amount is that number divided by 2, then multiplied by 3.
How much was there just before the last stage?
11
Challenge 9 marks · Patterns that repeat: cycles and step rules · Correct · answer given 360 · correct answer 360

At noon, 6 lights all flash at the same moment. After that they flash every 5, 4, 9, 8, 4 and 9 seconds respectively. How many seconds after noon do all 6 lights next flash together?

Fastest method: Each cycle repeats on its own period; they all line up at the LCM of the periods — build it from prime powers.
The trap: multiplying the periods together instead of taking the LCM.
Walk it through step by step (5 steps, each with a check)
Two things that repeat every so often are together again at a common multiple of their two periods — and the FIRST time is the least common multiple.
After how many seconds are the first two lights next together?
12
Challenge 10 marks · Counting the ways: cases and combinations · Not attempted ·

Three different numbers are chosen from the list 3, 5, 7, ..., 105 and added together. How many different totals are possible?

Fastest method: Think in positions, not values: with an evenly spaced list, the three chosen positions control the total, and every position-sum from the smallest to the largest is achievable — so count the whole run of possible totals.
The trap: trying to list actual totals, or not checking that no total in the run is skipped.
Walk it through step by step (3 steps, each with a check)
First pin down the range. The smallest total uses the three smallest numbers.
What is the smallest possible total?
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